Essay about The Etiology of Autism - 1313 Words

In the United States, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention reports that between 1 in 80 and 1 in 240, for an average of 1 in 110 children have an autism spectrum disorder, â€Å"ASD† (Nirv, Shah 2011). According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, up to six out of every 1,000 children may be diagnosed with some form of autism. In addition, boys are four times more likely than girls to have autism. This means that as many as 1.5 million Americans today are believed to have some form of autism. Unfortunately, the numbers appear to be increasing rapidly. Autism is a disability that frequently appears during the first three years of life. It is the result of a neurological disorder that affects the†¦show more content†¦Secondary causes of autism include pre-natal care, environmental factors, chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders. Environmental factors most notably, are the role of vaccinations, specifically those with the preservative thimerosal (Caronna, Milunsky, Tager-Flusberg, 2008). The most common genetic disorder associated with autism is fragile X syndrome. Scientists continue to investigate the etiology of ASD. Current research seems to support two etiologies of autism: Early Onset of Autism vs. Regressive Autism (Bristol-Power, 2006). There is optimism that specific causes and risk factors will be identified. The results of future investigations will facilitate enhanced screening, prevention, and therapy for at risk and autistic patients (CMN, 2010). The word autism meaning â€Å"living in self† in Greek was first utilized in 1911 by Swiss psychiatrist, Eugene Bleuler. He used this word to describe a condition of self absorption caused by social relatedness (Gupta 2004). In 1943, Dr. Leo Kanner from the John Hopkins Hospital introduced the label early infantile autism when he reported 11 children exhibiting similar behaviors. Before his work, doctors labeled such children as mentally retarded or emotionally disturbed. About 75% have IQs below 70. At the same time, research is equivocal regarding the number of children with autism who are nonverbal,Show MoreRelated The Etiology of Autism Essay1704 Words   |  7 PagesThe Etiology of Autism Autism is a syndrome that is characterized by the impairment of social interaction skills, verbal and nonverbal communication, and a decreased interest in participating in a variety of activities. In 1943, Kanner, the man who is attributed with the identification of this disease, hypothesized that autism might be a biological disorder as opposed to a psychological one. Numerous studies have been conducted supporting Kanner’s hypothesis. These studies have ranged from examiningRead MoreThe Etiology of Autism Essay1663 Words   |  7 Pages Autism is a behavioral syndrome usually presenting behavior abnormalities before the child is 30 months of age. These behavioral abnormalities include marked social deficits, specific language abnormalities and stereotyped, repetitive behaviors (Piven, 1990). Although the exact etiology of autism is not known it is now believed that it is a dysfunction of one or more unidentified brain systems and not the result of parental and environmental influences. Variations in symptomology and in prognosisRead MoreIntroduction.The Etiology Of Autism Is As Yet Unknown And1097 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The etiology of autism is as yet unknown and the phrase Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is used to encompasses a range of autistic disorders (Cheslack-Postava and Jordan-Young, 2012). ASD is a common neurodevelopmental syndrome and an umbrella term for a group of heterogeneous disorders, differentiated by pervasive difficulties, and impaired development, with area such as social communication, flexibility, social reciprocity and sensory processing (American Psychiatric Association,Read MoreThe Etiology Of Parental Psychiatric Conditions Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders883 Words   |  4 Pagespaper is to synthesize and analyze journal articles related to the etiology of parental psychiatric conditions of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and the development of psychiatric conditions after diagnosis; and how the two are interrelated and cyclical. Parents of children with ASD encounter a variety of unexpected- emotional, physiological, and financial challenges in their lifetime. Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders often have â€Å"elevated levels of depressive symptomsRead MoreGender Differences In Autism Spectrum Disorder980 Words   |  4 PagesMeta-Analysis- Investigating the genetic and prognostic Sex Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Introduction: While Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) has been researched extensively, the role of gender in this disease is still poorly understood. With a 4:1 gender distribution in the diagnosis of ASD, many research studies have attempted to explain this difference (Fombonne,2009). Current research has theorized about various different etiologies for this gender discrepancy, such as a female protective effectRead MoreInside Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay1715 Words   |  7 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by a num ber of deficits in verbal and non-verbal communication, social interaction with others, and other behaviors. Usually diagnosed in early infancy, this disorder is the most impairing and severe of the neurodevelopmental disorders. Before the publishing and release of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), Autism Spectrum disorder could be diagnosedRead MoreAutism And Childhood Of Autism Essay1382 Words   |  6 Pagesexplored of all youth psychiatric disorders, Autism continues to be a captivating condition. The conception and description of the disorder has evolved significantly over time leaving some philosophies once held with principle to later verify to be unproven. Scientists and clinicians have provided the highest influences to the understanding of the illness, however, history does illustrate countless teachings and initial interpretations of a possible genesis of autism to be uncertain. The socio-politicalRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Autism )900 Words   |  4 Pages Autism Disorder Mohamed Ayoub Community College of Aurora Autism Spectrum Disorder We are living in a time where a remarkable and advanced medical treatments exist. However, scientists and medical professionals are constantly faced with diseases and disorders that contemporary humanity needs a cure and treatment. Amongst the disorders that affecting our young people today is the autism spectrum disorder. It is a â€Å"complex and life long behavioral disorder marked by impairment in socialRead MoreThe National Institute Of Mental Health1690 Words   |  7 Pageswith autism define their children’s oral health as fair or poor. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder have difficulties adjusting with the dental scenery, due mainly to their inability to communicate and socialize their thoughts and feelings. Dental office visits can be challenging to the child with autism and therefor the parent as well. It is our job as a dental professional to help make these office visits as pleasant as possible to both the patient and the caregiver. What is Autism SpectrumRead MoreUnderstanding Autism And The Different Disorders On The Autism Spectrum1225 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding autism and the different disorders on the autism spectrum has become more prevalent in today’s society, mostly due to the increase in children being diagnosed. Disorders such as Rhett’s syndrome, Fragile X and Asperger s are becoming more prevalent in today’s classroom. The research studies reviewed for this paper focus specifically on Fragile X (FXS), which is also termed Martin-Bell syndrome. This essay will review the literature on FXS including the prevalence of it, the importance

The Importance Of Internet Privacy - 811 Words

Introduction: The internet has evolved from being a symbol of great revelation and innovation to a part of everyday life. It is used constantly to gather information and to make everyday tasks effortless for people worldwide. As such, having broad access to the internet causes internet users to rarely think about the consequences of putting their personal details on there for all to see. The conversation about internet regulations or internet privacy has been going on for years. It seems to be a never-ending debate about whether individuals should have complete internet privacy or no privacy at all. In the cause of this argument, two prominent beliefs about internet privacy have risen. One argument includes permitting the†¦show more content†¦Additionally, people of all ages use the web for the purpose of staying in touch with others. This means that there are a plethora of people that are communicating with others that are also communicating with others. Eventually, the number of people on the internet grew immensely. On Facebook alone, there are almost 2 billion different users (Fiegerman). For the purpose of staying up to date with others and for being social online, these users share a major part of their personal information. Although some of it might be public, usually most of it is shared through private channels. These users share content that is personally important and even emotional to them. An example could be an old picture of a loved one or an emotional message that is meant to only be seen by the person it is intended for. Allowing the government to monit or these actions takes away from the whole experience. These moments are no longer intimate because there are other people watching everything these internet consumers do, share, or receive online. In order to keep the value of the personal information citizens might share online, the government shouldn’t regulate the internet. Another factor to take into consideration is the reaction of internet consumers if the government were to regulate and monitor the internet. Their reaction will obviously be negative towards the idea of being constantly watched by the government whenever they are using the internet. There haveShow MoreRelatedThe Protection of Consumer Privacy in E-Business1062 Words   |  5 PagesElectronic business, commonly known as eBusiness or e-business ,is a business running on the Internet. Beside buying and selling, it also serves a much wider consumer base and collaborates with business partners. The term also has an accurate definition -interaction with b usiness partners, where the interaction is enabled by information technology. When information technology has become more accessible, much cheaper and more powerful, E-business has become a new trend. Because of low runningRead MoreEmployee Privacy Rights Human Resource managers and their staff members have to be sure to be up to600 Words   |  3 PagesEmployee Privacy Rights Human Resource managers and their staff members have to be sure to be up to date on all of the pertinent laws and regulations so that they can recognize the importance and need for discretion when handling all types of information about employees of the organization. The federal Privacy Act of 1974 heightened awareness and increased attention to privacy with regards to identity theft in recent years. What this means is that while the act applies to almost exclusively maintainingRead More Privacy and The Internet: Life of Others1206 Words   |  5 PagesAs the explosion of internet social media based companies has grown the issue of privacy has been at the forefront of many people’s mind. Privately held information can easily become available to people and be negatively used due to the digital age we are in today. Two of the leading companies in social media are Google and Facebook. This case study analysis explores both Google and Facebook’s privacy policies and is sue that has stemmed from it. Google and Facebook recently have taken a lot ofRead MoreThe Ethics Of The European Union Data Protection Legislation1694 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom the crash were circulating on the Internet. As summarized in a later court filing, two employees of the CHP admitted to e-mailing nine gruesome images of Castouras’ injuries to their friends and family members on Halloween—for pure shock value. The Catsouras family took legal action against the CHP in an attempt to remove the gruesome pictures off the Internet. This incident is one of many that has caused individuals to demand a right that would allow Internet users to protect themselves from beingRead MoreTelecommunication and Network Technology Advancements652 Words   |  3 Pagesco-workers almost anywhere in the world (Ambrose, 2005). According to Sachenko (2007), firms are getting internetworked enterprises that use the Internet, intranets, and alternative telecommunications networks to support e-business operations a nd collaboration among the enterprise, the customers, suppliers, and other business partners. Realizing the importance of a profound and comprehensive realization of the multiple aspects that facilitate and determine Electronic commerce (E-commerce), this assignmentRead MoreEffects of User’s Perceived Security on their Usage of Online Banking and e-Payment Facilities912 Words   |  4 PagesWith the innovative changes in everyday life since the creation of the internet, the banking sector is no exception. The creation of value-added services through the internet such as online transactions and online banking, the traditional landscape of banking has been transformed to new lengths. Day to day banking and similar financial transactions through the digital medium have positively affected the live of many due to the derived benefits such convenience to complete financial transactions atRead MoreThe Internet Is Good Or Bad?1074 Words   |  5 Pagesmet that guy before? Or even how has he/she known that thing about me. When the internet became available, we got all of the general public including some unsavoury characters that didn t have your best interests at heart, so we got a lot of bad things showing up on the net in addition to the overwhelming positive value that is available, he told TechRadar†(Goss). In other word, we have become using the Internet widely that we do not even know what we are doing. Indeed that we are in the situationRead MoreWhy Personal Information Is Risky On The Internet And The Situation Of Information Security1422 Words   |  6 PagesWith the development of internet technology, society has been pushed compulsorily into a ‘big data’ period(Craig and Ludloff,2011).†Big data refers to the massive amounts of data collected over time that are difficult to analyze and handle using common database management tools† (http://www.pcmag.com). Not only the development strategy of the government and enterprises, but also threaten citizens’ personal information security. There are significant issues increases rapidly due to this environmentRead MoreLack Of Privacy On The Internet1404 Words   |  6 Pagesissue today that cuts so wide a swath through conflicts confronting American society like privacy. From AIDS tests to wiretaps, polyg raph tests to computerized data bases, the common denominator has been whether the right to privacy outweighs other concerns of society. And with more and more people using the Internet, more and more information being passed over the Internet, more problems arise. The Internet has been an advantage in technology that has greatly increased the capacities of a computerRead MoreOnline Technology And Its Effect On Society917 Words   |  4 Pagesof their dinner at a restaurant, a â€Å"selfie† before bed, and the hotel they’re staying at all week are all potentially dangerous posts that a predator could use to stalk a teen with. With numerous other websites following this location trend, the privacy and thus safety, of our friends and family face being compromised! Another aspect of this issue is the long reign of cyber-bullying, which is effortless with all the new apps that allow teens to bully each other anonymously (e.g Ask.com, Yik Yak

Riordan Manufacturing Free Essays

The company was founded by Dr. Riordan, a professor of chemistry he started Riordan plastics, Inc in 1991. Riordan Manufacturing is a global plastics, medical supplies, stents, automotive parts, appliance manufacture’s parts, airplane parts, and beverage containers manufacturer. We will write a custom essay sample on Riordan Manufacturing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Riordan has 500 employees with a projected annual earnings of $46 million and a fortune of 1000 enterprises with revenues of $1 billion. Riordan Manufacturing has 4 worldwide locations Albany Georgia, Pontiac Michigan, Hangzhou China, and the company headquarters in San Jose. In the following paragraphs we will be describing formal and informal power structures, the effective organization structures, effects on employee behavior, the characteristics of employee behavior, potential sources, and a evaluation of Riordan Manufacturing. Formal and Informal Power Structures. Riordan Manufacturing is formed by a formal and informal power structures. Riordan, formal power structure was established in the corporation to recognized the organizational chart and legitimate power which correspond to the formal authority that controls organizational resources in the corporation. Riordan informal power is divided into individual departments, each department is led and managed by an employee who has more knowledge than others in that department. The power and political structure of Riordan Manufacturing influence their employees behavior by collaborating and involving certain levels of hierarchy requiring employees to influence their power and political structure with others in the organization to accomplish goals or desired effects and behaviors. Effective Organizational Structure According to â€Å"Riordan Tracking And Order System† (Copyright 2003, 2004, 2006  © by Apollo Group, Inc.). â€Å"The head office of Riordan Manufacturer’s is in  San Jose, California and it has employed more than five hundred people having other companies in Georgia, Michigan, and China.† Riordan Manufacturing goal is to instrument a development that will be used by all employees, the organizational structure is right for the operation of bureaucratic structure. This configuration will acknowledge the organization to regulate process across all levels of hierarchy. The advantage of bureaucratic structure includes a minimum duplication of personnel, equipment, and employees who have the chance to talk the same language. Effects on Employee Behavior The bureaucratic structure prepares simplicity and consistency in hierarchy. This forms the organizational command and sets prospects to all employees allowing them to remove any insufficiency of knowledge. A fear that most employees face is to be irritated with several levels of hierarchy especially if employees believe that they are not heard or appreciated. The characteristics that influences the corporate culture for the employee behavior in Riordan Manufacturing are integrity, ethics, and compliance. Moreover, the atmosphere that is not concrete to employees but with a concept that includes values or beliefs that a company cultivates over time. Corporate culture develop the company’s tasks and strategies, with long-term expectations of progresses in a company’s profit. However corporate culture also comes from a company’s top administration, older companies can develop a culture that may be different from the typically defined business concept. If the company have a strong culture may be possible to get all employees on the same page and make the company grow stronger than before the culture existed. Riordan Manufacturing, will change but also will develop strategies to manages resistance to change, the steps or areas that will be used to develop the change management right involve Capturing and leveraging the desire and optimistic emotion surrounding a change that may prevent resistance from happen. The next one is expect it, the company will Project employees and change management that way resistance may be less expected. The company needs to address formally will be ready to prepare, manage, and Reinforce the change. Also will be important to identify the root causes, and engage the â€Å"right† resistance managers. Communication Plan In Riordan Manufacturing, communication is a fundamental to raise the level of understanding implementation of a change. Delivering information is concerning the change successfully as a essential to use several proposals or media resources to transmit the same message and decide who will publicize Riordan Manufacturing need for change. CEO and President, Dr. Michael Riordan is the most efficient communicator. Employees need to hear about the upcoming changes from their direct supervisor. The largest problem is to develop written messages that will describe organizational values and principles, setting expectations for employees to complete strategies, meet expectations, and accomplish organizational goals. The implication should clarify the upcoming change, the process of the change, the responsibility of all employees, and the operations of this modification. Appropriate Channels The following step will clarify communication channels. Riordan Manufacturing directs in United States and China, and as a result arranging face-to-face communication is moderately difficult. In addition to the development of advance technology Riordan Manufacturing can use the internet, e-mail, online meetings, and meetings to communicate the approaching modification. Potential Barriers The preliminary communication requires a mechanism to discover potential paths of resistance to benefit employees with their surveys or assessments allowing leadership to establish how each employee obtain the message including the issues of the employee throughout the development stage. An example, the struggle to change may be provoked by the conflicting message. Employees will question the development process or challenge. That is why it’s important for management team to be consistent with the way they communicate towards their employees. Alongside, it is an opportunity to control the barriers that block individuals to communicate effectively. A different barrier that is effective to communication is overload information. Once a received message has too much data or is printed in a language hard for the receiver to comprehend the barrier will be ignored. To  prevent the problem the message should be brief and to the point. Riordan Manufacturing change from face to face communication to uses the advance communication like internet, email, and online meetings. this areas may be affect because the communication face to face is more specifically and better expresses with gestures and tone, and the message can be well deliberated, instead with this recently change the communication can be misunderstood. With an email it may create confusion by the way is read. Riordan find the need from the change because is really hard to travel to china frequently to discusses different themes and issues that require quickly respond, also because is more easy to send an email with an answer about a minimum problem and discusses the new ideas over an online chat or meeting, Managers will compromise to take visits to china to once an while to discuss important data that requires specific attention. How to cite Riordan Manufacturing, Essays Riordan Manufacturing Free Essays They are a company they will strive to keep focus on what is important and to continue to create trainees as they are needed to continue to compete against rivals they have and to show how they can perform. Ordain Manufacturing is a company focused on being the leader in manufacturing polymer materials for companies like automotive and aircraft parts manufacturers and beverage makers and bottlers. Achieving and maintaining a healthy profit helps the company ensure that they have enough financial strength, and the right amount of employees available for sustained growth. We will write a custom essay sample on Riordan Manufacturing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Based on what they currently manufacture and market to and their goals the company Is Implementing a differentiation focus strategy. In the differentiation focus strategy, Ordain alms to set themselves apart from any competitors within all of their target market segments. The specialized needs of these segments mean that there are opportunities to provide products that differ from competitors who may be trying to target a broader group of customers. Ordain has already made some strides in expanding their operations globally with the acquisition of the China plant in 2000. The company should continue using the differentiation focus strategy to improve the innovation and sustainability of the business. If Ordain stays on track with providing new polymer products to meet the current and future needs of its customers as well as attracting new clients with those Innovations. It will help to ensure the future success of the company. Ordain Manufacturing Is a worldwide plastics manufacturer that employs more than 500 people. Ordain manufactures products such as plastic beverage containers, custom plastic parts in its plants in China. The company’s mission incorporates in remaining a leader in the plastic industry and staying focused on identifying industry trends (Ordain Manufacturing, 2012). Ordain promised to produce quality by exercising Six Sigma ideas and surpassing ISO 9000 standards allowing the corporation to produce the remedy for customers’ requests instead of the problem. The achievement of Ordain Manufacturing rests within its knowledgeable employees and braced by an innovative and team openness work environment. The first key factor that provides Ordain a competitive advantage Is Its strategic planning. Strategic planning permits the company to malting a competitive advantage above Its competitors because the organization have the knowledge track trends and produce new and creative reduces. Ordain Corporation offers innovative products to companies in the meal Title Ana Department AT Detente. I Nils Detent TTS ten company Dye performing business as a one-stop company for customers who have several demands. Ordain research and development team produces unique designs and merchandises produced for the future such as a pyramid shaped bottle. The pyramid bottle revolutionized the industry, as Ordain possesses exclusivity (Ordain Manufacturing, 2012). Developing a special product like the pyramid bottle permits the Ordain Company to sustain a competitive advantage. One more initiative for the company comprise of establishing environmentally friendly practices within the corporation. As the pressure to be environmentally friendly rises, Ordain has tackled the challenge and created a plan to aid the environment. Like Wall-Mart, going green is a movement forward with concern to Radian’s social obligation and becoming environmentally friendly holds benefits for plastics companies. Areas that Radian’s business strategy would be affected in the global market would be creating a PEST analysis to determine different aspects of the area they were considering expanding. A PEST analysis is an analysis of the environment’s politics, their economy, and any technological trends in the area. Global marketing plans would be key elements in a global strategy. The plan would decide on the countries and even the means to concentrate their activities. Building up good loyal customer support would be involved in these activities. Ordain would also have to investigate the financial aspect of global expansion. The company would have to determine that the necessary funds would be available for the expansion and also that the necessary employees would be available for training purposes in the new country. How to cite Riordan Manufacturing, Essays Riordan Manufacturing Free Essays Running Head: Process Design for Riordan Manufacturing Process Design for Riordan Manufacturing: Inception to Production Planning Writer’s Name Course Name, Semester No, Class Level Supervisor Name September 23, 2009 Introduction The present paper discusses the proposal package for Riordan which handles each step of electric fans from inception to production. It includes the material requirement planning phase of fans being manufactured at the China Plant. There is further analysis of existing process for the production of the Riordan electric fans. We will write a custom essay sample on Riordan Manufacturing or any similar topic only for you Order Now It provides the basic outline for designing the new process to remove the bottleneck in the process to optimize it for meeting the demands of customer by supply-chain concepts. Production forecast for the Riordan electric fans is discussed along with implementation plan of Lean Production using Gantt Charts. Finally, cover letter describes the coordination of aggregate operations planning and suggested TQM process to define the strategic objective of the company. The MRP for the Manufacturing of the Riordan Electric Fans The China plant of Riordan Manufacturing is the production unit which applies material requirement planning to meet the time-phased requirement of material for assembled units or fan production operations. Raw materials are collected at receiving departments. These are processed to make it suitable for molding departments. The molded unit acts as input for trimming department which can be selectively used for creating further parts. Sometimes, it can become waste by-products. The trimmed parts are assembled at the assembly department to create higher components. These components are handled at packaging department. The shipping department supplies the packaged units of electric fans for distribution unit. (University of Phoenix, 2009). There are scrap materials from each department which is creating a concern for the firm. There is need of minimizing the waste products from each operational unit to reduce the cost of fan production. The manufacturing unit in Hangzhou, China uses these spare parts to create customized products. There are issues in achieving the periodic orders to supply the number of fans as the production plan is based on yearly demand of electric fans. The lack of definite pattern in order leaves the gap in assessing the exact material requirement on the short notice. The management team of company is concentrating on the optimization strategy to improve the process of MRP based on process variability involved in the supply, demand and production of Riordian electric fans. A New Process Design for the Production of the Riordan Electric Fans The current process of Riordian Manufacturing’s China plant operation is based on the quantity of fans to be produced. The local company is supposed to provide the required stock of motors based on the production forecast. But this method of operation is able to deliver only 93% of the stock on time. The company can opt for alternative manufacturers along with existing unit to meet the forecasted production of motors. This will increase the competitiveness among the manufacturing unit and delivery schedule will not have slippages. There are other options of keeping the readymade supplies of motors as inventory unit in Riordian inventory itself. But it will increase the inventory cost. Since plastic polymer used in electric fans has plenty of supplies, the lower stock of plastic polymer can balance the cost to reduce the financial burden due to extra stock of motors. Flow Chart for Existing Production Process of Riordian Electric Fans In above paragraph, few options have been considered for improving the existing production process of Riordian Electric fans. The key processes involved in the material plan requirements and the supply chain process in China manufacturing unit can improve the efficiency of production plan in cost effective manner. Lean production using just-in-time system can be very effective in operation processes along with better strategic planning for meeting the demand of customer. A supply chain for the electric fans The Supply Chain Management process is at the very center of all the core operational processes of a company. It plays the role of a central nervous system regulating the product flow by managing the associated information flow that runs through a company. It has very strong linkages with major core processes like product development management, purchasing management and customer relationship management. For instance, the linkage between the Riordian Electric fan development management process and the Supply Chain Management process is bi-directional: on one side, the product development process feeds the Supply Chain Management process with the electric fans introduction plans and engineering change notices on bill of materials and routings, while in return the Supply Chain Management process provides the product development process with the supply chain constraints that need to be considered when scheduling the development of fans, in order to make sure that these products will hit the market at the right time. It will provide the Riordan Manufacturing an edge in the market over other rival companies. (Chase, 2006). Outsourcing is one of the approach to offshoot the responsibility and decision criteria to other companies which can take care of the several components of the supply-chain. The inventory management process can reduce the cost of operating firm’s own distribution center from remote location which is huge relief in handling the logistics (Polakoff, 2009). Global product sourcing and mass customization is also one of the feasible options which provides the procurement process with the future purchasing requirements that have been derived from the demand and production plans, while the procurement process provides in return visibility on supply constraints – in other words quotas imposed by suppliers – that need to be considered to generate valid supply chain plans. It also reduces the cost of procurement which is available at lower price in other countries. â€Å"Companies must turn a resilient supply chain into a competitive advantage† (Industrial Week, p. 0, 2009). The supply chain process can concentrate on inventory management process in the system to fulfill the order requested (Chase, 2006). Riordan focuses on management of inventory from raw material to completion of finished product. It is necessary for tracking the quality and need of inventory in timely manner to extract optimum performance from supply-ch ain process. The network topology of supply-chain should be well-connected in identifying the adequate supply of materials for production of electric fans as well as forecasting the future production sales (Chase, 2006). The categorization of product helps in ordering the right amount of parts from the concerned supplier. The improvement in measurement process is deciding factor in raising the customer satisfaction index with sufficient cost reduction which is the primary objective of the Riordian business strategy. A production forecast for the Riordan electric fans The plant’s production forecast is based on the theory of moving averages. China’s manufacturing unit takes care of electric motors and plastic polymers required for production of fans. The demands for next year production are calculated on the basis of average sales for the last three years which is projected for the coming year (Riordan, 2006). This plant also takes care of customized version of electric fans for individual customer on small scale. The estimation of cost for planning, scheduling, production and delivery is based on order requirement of yearly production rather than forecasted early to meet the demands in effective manner. (Riordan, 2006). These products are supplied to US customers. Adoption of lean production process is supposed to be the best business strategy to respond to the market needs to introduce the right product at right time in right place with right quantity to follow perfect workflow of execution by reducing waste and flexibility to respond to the changes (Shields, 1999). An Implementation Plan for the Riordan Electric Fans [pic] Plan for Lean Production can be implemented in two phases. First phase will be called Project A which is duration of implementation for pilot project. It has been divided into four tasks. Task A1 will consist of team formation and top management approval with basic outline for project and definition of roles and responsibilities for the implementation of project. Task A2 consists of selection of tool for implementation for pilot project which will be used in Phase 2 also for Project B. Training on tools and requirement gathering for the lean production in China plant will happen between 19th February, 2010 and 18th March, 2010. Task A3 consists of actual implementation of Lean production applying JIT from 26th March, 2010 to 24th April 2010. Total quality management process is under Task A4. It will be the duration of quality control and troubleshooting in production support. Project B will be the actual implementation of Lean Production in the China Manufacturing plant on the holistic basis. It will follow similar process to pilot project A. Task B1 will be the extension of pilot project in real production environment which will require gathering of requirement for workshop between 19th March, 2010 to 14th April, 2010. Task B2 consists of implementation of functionality using JIT system from 16th April, 2010 to 12th June, 2010. Task B3 of TQM and maintenance will happen between 16th May, 2010 and 14th July, 2010. A Cover Letter detailing how you will coordinate aggregate operations planning and TQM for the Riordan electric fans Date:- Sender’s Address:- Recipient’s Address:- Dear CEO, We are pleased to introduce the proposal for implementation of Lean production and TQM for improving the Process Design of Riordan Manufacturing. There are various options to track the current operational process in the firm. The selection of right tools for Lean Production and quality can provide insight regarding the material requirement planning and strategy to meet the demands of periodic order besides the current forecasting based on yearly demand. There will be two phase of implementation. Pilot project will identify all the bottlenecks in the process of forecast demand and production plan to achieve the balance to satisfy the quantity of Riordian electric fans ordered by the customer. The final implementation will extrapolate the results of pilot project to forecast the demand of next year in optimal way. Defect prevention, quality issues, enhancement in production process, cost reduction and other project parameters will be captured by applying the concepts of six sigma using pareto charts and other relevant statistical measurement analysis. Please let me know your feedback on the proposal. If there are any changes required or suggestions for altering the structure, please e-mail me XXXX@XXXX. com or call me at XXX-XXX-XXXX. Sincerely, ——————- References Chase, Richard B. , Jacobs, F. R. , Aquilano, Nichlas J. (2006). Operations management for competitive advantage (11th ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill. Krajewski, Lee J. , Ritzman, Larry P. (2005), Operations Management: Processes and Value Chains. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Shields, T. (1999). Tutorials – lean production / lean manufacturing. Defense Aquisition University. Retrieved September 23, 2009, from http://www. dau. mil/educdept/mm_dept_resources/navbar/lean/01rdg-lean. asp University of Phoenix (2009). Riordan manufacturing virtual organization. Retrieved September 23, 2009, from Apollo Group, Inc. , Week Four, OPS571- Operations Management. ———————– Order for plastic polymer from local supplier N END Produce the Riordan Electric Fan Is plastic polymer available? Use the motors for manufacturing Order the no of motors required for meeting the supply Is supply of Motors enough? Manufacturing of Electric Fans at Riordan START Y Y N How to cite Riordan Manufacturing, Essays

Educational Management Administration and Leadership

Question: Discuss about the Educational Management Administration and Leadership. Answer: Introduction: The auditors often deliver services to their clients out of the auditing scope, which are considered as non-audit services. Such services might be in the form of tax-related service, management service and client business promotion (Arnold et al. 2016). However, providing non-audit services might lead to loss of auditor independence, which is a serious concern. In the provided case, the advocacy threat could be adjudged as the major threat to the independence of the auditor. This happens at the time the auditor is involved in promoting the business of the client or the opinion at a point, in which the individuals might perceive that there is compromise in objectivity. Hence, if the auditor offers advocacy services, it breaches the code of ethics, which would influence the independence of the auditor. The auditors independence could be in threat, in case; the person obtains monetary or non-monetary benefits other than the prescribed fees for audit services. In the provided case, the members of the audit firm have been offered with a holiday package. If the offer is accepted, it would raise the question regarding the independency of the audit firm. In addition, the independency threat rises with the increase in benefits (Christopher 2015). The spouse, parent, siblings, dependent and non-dependent child of an auditor are taken into account as close members of the family. The financial interest constitutes of debt ownership guarantee and securities of the person in relation to other person or intermediary, in case, the person involves in investment decision or controlling intermediary. The financial controller is the business of the client is the father of the proposed accountant. Thus, if the offer is accepted, it would result in loss of independence for the auditor (Fu, Carson and Simnett 2015). In relation to develop close relationship with the client, officers, staffs and directors, influential risk is inherent in the clients business environment. In this scenario, the auditor might feel sympathetic and the person could be associated with the client. This might influence the representation of the auditor, since the person has useful information of the client due to association in a past assignment with LTH a month ago. The auditor has provided services to the client by computing tax and passing accounting entries. Therefore, the auditor could not conduct evaluation of self-audit services. The following measures could be implemented for strengthening the independence of the auditor and they are classified as follows: The rotational system related to major partners minimises the threat of over-familiarity and self-interest and hence, this would promote the aspect of objectivity without adequate cost. Moreover, the historical and institutional knowledge of the firm would be available to each staff for assisting in maintaining high audit quality (Hay, Stewart and Botica Redmayne 2016). The auditor needs to be well-resourced and it is needed for the organisation to appoint qualified and independent audit members. Thus, it is necessary for the audit team to evaluate the objectivity and independence, while making the results available for the stakeholders. The main characteristics of effective auditor oversight involve independence from the audit profession and political interference. Thus, they are required to provide transparency, fair and true representation along with sharing and cooperating private data with another with utmost care. The auditor independence could be strengthened by using robust and effective standards of ethics. Thus, a global set of high quality independence and standards of ethics would minimise the difficulties associated with the procedures of auditing (Knechel and Salterio 2016). Two business risks to MSL in relation to equipment and spare parts purchase: The two business risks involved with the purchase of spare parts and equipments are briefly described as follows: This risk is not associated with the business approaches and the selection of the organisation for accurate products and market. The strategic risk engaged with managing inventory is related to the management of spare parts. At one level, the organisation might choose ad-hoc, which denotes spending items on purchase, using formal policies and involving the experienced managers for providing judgement on procedural issues. On the other level, the organisation might choose to standardise the management aspects for spare parts in the same way like the standardisation of financial management (Nicoll 2016). The pertinent approach for the organisation is reliant on the financial investment in inventory and risk involved with the possible loss. This type of risk is associated with the execution of the selected approach. The organisation might initiate a policy related to stocking for undertaking decisions associated with standardisation. However, it has been observed that this policy is not sufficient or the management approach is not in line with the initiated policy. Thus, in relation to spare parts inventory management, risk management denotes identifying the feasible things and conducting them accurately. Audit risk for each identified business risk and impact on account balances: The risk involved in the strategic risk could be considered as inherent risk. This risk takes place because of error in the financial statements or omission, instead of the contributory factor of control failure. In addition, the complex nature of the transaction or the circumstances needing greater judgement level for the financial estimations is also responsible for this inherent risk. This risk has an influence on the amount of account receivables and inventory balance. Certain transactions and accounts are related to inherent risk, which has severe influence on the accounting balances based on transaction losses (Shah and Jarzabkowski 2013). The risks that are associated with operations are identified as detection risk. This risk occurs when the auditor is unable to detection the material misstatement involved with the financial statement of the organisation through procedures of substantive tests and evaluation. The detection risks are highly expected at the time the auditor fails to implement the relevant processes (Van Akkeren and Tarr 2014). This has severe impact on the accounting balance, as it is above the accountant evaluation. The accounts that are highly prone to this risk include sales account, inventory account, revenue account and purchase account. References: Arnold, B., Bateman, H., Ferguson, A. and Raftery, A.M., 2016. Partner-scale economies, service bundling and auditor independence in the Australian self-managed superannuation (pension) fund industry.Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory. Christopher, J., 2015. Internal audit: Does it enhance governance in the Australian public university sector?.Educational Management Administration Leadership,43(6), pp.954-971. Fu, Y., Carson, E. and Simnett, R., 2015. Transparency report disclosure by Australian audit firms and opportunities for research.Managerial Auditing Journal,30(8/9), pp.870-910. Hay, D., Stewart, J. and Botica Redmayne, N., 2016. The Role of Auditing in Corporate Governance in Australia and New Zealand: A Research Synthesis. Knechel, W.R. and Salterio, S.E., 2016.Auditing: assurance and risk. Routledge. Nicoll, P., 2016.Audit in a democracy: the Australian model of public sector audit and its application to emerging markets. Routledge. Shah, M. and Jarzabkowski, L., 2013. The Australian higher education quality assurance framework: From improvement-led to compliance-driven.Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education,17(3), pp.96-106. Van Akkeren, J. and Tarr, J.A., 2014. Regulation, compliance and the Australian forensic accounting profession.Journal of Forensic and Investigative Accounting,6(3), pp.1-26.